垂体瘤侵袭性分级——Knosp分级

Fig. 1. Graphic schemes (left), coronal MR images (center), and endoscopic views (right).  A: Grade 0: the adenoma does not encroach on the CS space. Thus, the tangent of the medial aspects of the intracavernous and supracavernous ICAs is not passed.44 B: Grade 1: the medial tangent is passed, but the extension does not go beyond a line drawn between the crosssectional centers of the intracavernous and supracavernous ICAs (the intercarotid line).44 C: Grade 2: the tumor extends beyond the intercarotid line but not past the tangent on the lateral aspects of the intracavernous and supracavernous ICAs.44 D: Grade 3A: the tumor extends lateral to the lateral tangent of the intracavernous and supracavernous ICAs into the superior CS compartment.44 E: Grade 3B: the tumor extends lateral to the lateral tangent of the intracavernous and supracavernous ICAs into the inferior CS compartment.  F: Grade 4: there is total encasement of the intracavernous carotid artery.44 AD = adenoma; LCSW = lateral CS wall (seen after removing the medial CS wall); MCSW = medial CS wall; PT = pituitary gland. The asterisk indicates an invaded medial CS wall, and arrows indicate trabeculae. Copyright Engelbert Knosp. Published with permission.