给科研工作者的 5 大技巧：帮助编辑也是帮助你自己

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HELP JOURNAL EDITORS HELP YOU: FIVE TOP TIPS FROM EYE & CONTACT LENS给科研工作者的 5 大技巧：帮助编辑也是帮助你自己 | Author Resource Review
Author:Terry Monahan, MA ; Managing Editor, Eye & Contact Lens

Academic editors and reviewers love their work, or they wouldn’t volunteer their skills toward improving the scholarly literature. But as time-pressured professionals with multiple priorities, they can be instantly turned off by a poorly written or executed manuscript. Do you want to run the risk that a turnoff becomes bias, and that the editors won’t work with your manuscript further? Many journals won’t bother.

学术编辑和审稿人热爱他们的工作，否则他们就不会自愿发挥他们的技能改善学术文献，但身为时间紧迫且身兼多职的专业人士，他们可能会因为论文写得很糟糕或是做得很糟而立即泄气。你难道愿意冒这个让泄气转为偏见，让编辑再也不处理你的稿件的风险吗？许多期刊都没有关系的。

At Eye & Contact Lens we actively recruit young researchers and post-doctoral students who often need some guidance to get their manuscripts under way. It can take as many as three communications containing itemized instructions before one of these manuscripts makes it to peer review. But if they’re patient, authors can get a lot out of this effort, and we at the journal think it’s worth it because the peer review process goes more smoothly for everyone. Regardless of whether the manuscript is ultimately accepted, the next submission will be much better. The up-front work pays off in the end by expanding our author pool and improving submissions.

在《Eye & Contact Lens》，我们积极招募年轻研究人员和博士后学生，这些人在发表论文上通常需要一些指引。在这些论文中，在有任何一篇进入同行评审前，有可能需要多至三次包含详细列表指南的沟通。但如果他们有足够的耐性，科研作者能从这个过程中学到很多，而我们期刊方认为这是值得的，因为同行评审对每个人来说都会更顺畅。不管论文最后是否被接受，下一次的投稿会更好。前期付出的努力将在最后获得回报，我们会有更大的作者群体和质量更好的投稿。

That said, it doesn’t always work this way. Authors who repeatedly ignore at submission our Information for Authors or our requests to reformat (or rewrite, proofread, or edit for clarity) become familiar to the editors and they take on a kind of blinking quality in the editors’ inbox: invest no more time here. It’s best to get the editors on your side from the start.

虽说如此，但事情不一定都这么顺利。经常在投稿忽略我们的投稿指南或排版（改写、润色或清晰度编校）要求的科研作者，编辑会记住他们，进入编辑的质量警示文件夹：不要在这里花时间。最好在一开始就让编辑与你站在同一阵线。

Following are a few tips that can guarantee a publishing experience with minimal bumps:
以下几点能保证你有个少走弯路的发表经验：

1. Get the English right
1. 把英语搞好
It should go without saying that any submission to an English-language journal should be in carefully written, punctuated, and proofread English. If the authors are not native English speakers, they should take it on faith that their manuscript must undergo review and possible revision by a native English speaker, a professional English language editor, or an English editing service prior to initial submission. Journal editors may perceive that the content is good but the language is opaque, and thus may triage the manuscript right out the door.

这是连说都不需要说的事，任何投稿英语期刊的论文都应该有经过仔细撰写、标点并润色的英文。如果作者不是以英语为母语的人士，应该要知道，自己的论文在投稿前，一定要由母语人士、专业英语编辑或是英语编校服务审查并修改。期刊编辑可能会认为内容很好但语言不行，而将论文拒于门外

2. Sell yourself
2. 自卖自夸
Journal editors want to know why your submission is significant. What is unique about your study or perspective? Is it clear in your cover letter and in the introduction? If your topic is esoteric, say so, but explain its relevance further. If it’s novel and applicable in a clinical journal, state the reasons explicitly. The editors may reject a manuscript because they perceive it is not new or novel, but what if they’re wrong? Invest as much thought in your cover letter and introduction as you do in the rest of your manuscript.

期刊编辑想知道你的投稿何以重要？你的研究或观点有什么特别的？你的投稿信 (cover letter) 或前言章节清楚吗？如果你的主题很深奥，就直说，然后进一步说明相关性。如果是创新且可以运用在临床期刊的研究，明确说出原因。编辑可能会因为他们认为这不够新颖或创新而拒绝稿件，但如果他们错了呢？花时间思索投稿信和前言章节要怎么写，就像你投入在论文其他部分的心力一般。

3. Guarantee that the editors read your manuscript
3. 确保编辑读你的论文
Journals provide authors detailed information on the scope, topics, and types of articles they welcome, and step-by-step instructions on manuscript preparation. An arresting title and keywords that demonstrate the manuscript’s relevance to the journal will attract the editors, but they can spot a thoughtlessly prepared manuscript even before they’ve read it; improper reference formatting, for example, is a quick tip-off. Authors risk a swift rejection by failing to respect the journal’s requirements.

期刊提供详细的范畴、主题、接受文章类型、论文准备逐点指南等信息给作者。有个能展现论文和期刊的相关性的抓人眼球的论文题目和关键词可以吸引编辑的注意，但他们有可能在读论文之前就知道论文准备地不够仔细，举例来说，参考文献格式不对就是很明显的暗示。科研作者如果没有尊重期刊的要求，就是在冒会被拒稿的风险。

Treat the Instructions for Authors as a guide for preparing a manuscript and a final checklist before you submit, and feel free to call or email the managing editor for speedy resolution to any problems. Contact information for the managing editor is listed in the Information for Authors on the journal’s submission page.

将投稿规定当做是准备论文的指南以及在投稿前的最终检查清单，如果有任何问题，欢迎直接打电话或是发邮件联系责任编辑取得及时协助。责任编辑的联系信息会放在期刊投稿页面上给科研作者的信息栏位。

4. Beware self-plagiarism
4. 小心自我剽窃

While plagiarism is widely understood as the presentation of another’s work as if it were yours, self-plagiarism is often poorly understood and likewise can be considered academic misconduct.

虽然一般认为抄袭是将别人的工作当作自己的，但大家都不是很了解自我剽窃，也不知道这样也会被当作学术不端。

According to a white paper from iThenticate, the plagiarism-prevention software program used by many scholarly journals (including Eye & Contact Lens), “self-plagiarism is defined as a type of plagiarism in which the writer republishes a work in its entirety or reuses portions of a previously written text while authoring a new work.”1 In short, the authors are “plagiarizing” themselves. The issue arises from copyright law protecting the original work, as well as the authors’ guarantees to the publishers that original and subsequent works are not previously published.

根据许多学术期刊（包含《Eye & Contact Lens》）采用的预防抄袭的软件 iThenticate 的白皮书：「自我抄袭是抄袭的一种，作者新发表的工作中使用了全部或重复使用部分先前的内容。」简单来说，就是作者“抄袭”了自己。这个问题来自于保护原始工作的版权法，还有科研作者向出版社保证这是尚未发表的原创或后续工作。

The subject is thorny and rife with conflict over the location of the line between quoting portions of previously published works acceptably, and infringing on a publisher’s copyright by borrowing too much. It doesn’t help that clarity is elusive and the conversation is ongoing; publishers and editors themselves disagree on how much text is acceptable to appropriate. But authors would do well to limit references to their previous works and quote them carefully; publishers use plagiarism-prevention software to catch text that matches too much of a previously published work—whether or not it’s yours. Avoid rejection by taking care to prepare your manuscript accordingly.

这个问题很棘手，与引用先前工作的内容到什么程度是可以接受的有许多冲突，用了太多内容会侵犯出版社的版权。目前这部分的界线还不是很清楚，大家也还在讨论，出版社和编辑自己彼此间对多少内容是适当的都有不同意见。但科研作者如果可以尽量不参照先前自己发表的工作，小心地引用内容会比较好。出版社使用预防抄袭的软件来揪出与先前发表的工作中文字重复过多的内容，不管那个先前工作是不是你自己的。小心准备你的论文，避免拒稿。

For more information on plagiarism and self-plagiarism, see the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) website, an excellent, searchable resource for authors and editors alike. For suggestions on text reuse limits and subsequent authorship, see the Chicago Manual of Style.

如果想要了解更多剽窃和自我抄袭的信息，可以参考发表道德委员会(Committee on Publication Ethics, COPE) 的网站，这是一个对科研作者和期刊编辑来说很棒而且能找到的资源。对于重复使用内容限制或是后续著作相关的指南，可以参考芝加哥风格指南 (Chicago Manual of Style)。

5. Carefully address each reviewer’s comments
5. 仔细回应每一个审稿意见

The peer review process is a rich source of information on how best to conduct a study, demonstrate its findings, and explain them so their significance is clear and will generate attention in the academic literature. Editors will not enter a manuscript into peer review unless they already feel it has merit, and they choose reviewers whose knowledge and capacity for thoughtful review are proven.

同行评审程序是一个丰富的信息来源，如何最好地做研究、呈现研究发现、让它们的重要性可以清楚凸显的解释，在学术文献中引起注意。编辑如果没有看到论文的优点，是不会让它进入同行评审的，而他们会选择知识能力有办法胜任的审稿人。

When you receive a manuscript for revision, take care to clearly address each comment in the Response to Reviewers, identify what and where any changes have been made in the revision, and highlight them in the text. The easier you make it for editors to review and trust your work, the more likely your manuscript will breeze through review and be accepted without further revision.

当你收到修稿要求，要小心在 Response to Reviewers 中回应每一个意见，指出论文中在哪里做了什么样的修改，并标示出来。让编辑能轻松地进行审查，相信你的工作，论文能通过评审、不再修改就接受的机会越高。

The bottom line is, anything you can do to attract editors, respect their labors by carefully preparing your manuscript, and take to heart the suggestions and criticisms of peer reviewers will smooth the way to acceptance—and a publication you can be proud of.

底线在，做任何你能引起编辑注意的事，好好地准备论文来表示你尊重他们的辛苦，诚心接受审稿人的建议与批评，就能让论文接受之路更顺畅，拥有自豪的发表论文。

ReferenceThe ethics of self-plagiarism. 2011. http://www.ithenticate.com/hs-fs ... ism-whitepaper.pdf.